Sunspots

a) what sunspots are
b) how they change
c) the purpose of a Maunder diagram
d) the cycle of sunspots
e) why they matter to Earth
f) when the next solar maximum will be
g) how we study them safely
h) what telescopes work the best

a.) Sunspots are spots on the sun that look darker then the rest of the sun because the temperature of the sunspots are cooler then the surface temperature of the sun.

b.) They change because the sun needs to release energy but the suns gravity pulls it back in.
c.) The Maunder "Butterfly" Diagram is used to show how heliographic latitude of observed sunspots versus time.
d.) The cycle of activity in the photosphere that is a 22 year cycle.
e.) Information showed that during low sunspot activity, earth had long dragging brutal winters, so it's important to the earth's climate.
f.) In 2010-2011
g.) A telescope with a solar filter
h.) The best telescope would be the iderostat-type Refractor Telescope